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- VIDEO, Page 59The History of the Bomb
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- By Strobe Talbott
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- WAR AND PEACE IN THE NUCLEAR AGE
- PBS; Mondays; 8 p.m. on most stations
-
- As though in penance for its sins, television occasionally
- tries to promote literacy in the sense of both knowledge and
- reading. Such megasubjects as science, art, mythology and
- civilization, as well as the hot and cold wars of the 20th
- century, have been creditably presented in public-TV
- documentaries, usually with what are called in the trade "book
- tie-ins." Now the history of the Bomb is traced in a masterly
- 13-part PBS series, War and Peace in the Nuclear Age, and in a
- comprehensive, highly readable companion book of the same title
- (Knopf; $22.95). The book, published last week, is by John
- Newhouse, a veteran diplomatic historian who writes for The New
- Yorker. The TV series begins this week.
-
- Both works live up to their Tolstoyan title. Under executive
- producer Zvi Dor-Ner, the series freshens the emblematic images
- of the nuclear age with rare footage and ironic juxtapositions,
- so that the viewer is more likely to look, and think, twice. Yet
- another mushroom cloud, at first almost a cliche, becomes
- surreal as Communist Chinese cavalrymen are shown charging
- toward ground zero as part of a training exercise, riders and
- horses wearing special masks to protect them against the blast.
-
- The Cuban missile crisis, which seemed done to death on its
- 25th anniversary less than two years ago, is skillfully
- re-created. The show combines interviews with participants
- (including, thanks to glasnost, an aide to Nikita Khrushchev
- and another official who was the Soviet ambassador to Cuba at
- the time) and excerpts from secretly recorded tapes of John F.
- Kennedy's deliberations with his top advisers. In contrast to
- the traditional version of the episode, one of the leading
- hawks, at least initially, is the President's brother Bobby. He
- is heard suggesting that it may be necessary to "sink the Maine
- again or something" as a pretext for a U.S. invasion of Cuba.
-
- J.F.K.'s Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara, emerges as
- the principal spokesman for the overarching theme of both the TV
- series and the book. That theme is that nuclear weapons are not
- really weapons at all; they are political instruments whose very
- existence deters their own use. Author Newhouse calls the quest
- for strategic advantage "the chimera of the nuclear age."
-
- Having been used only twice, within a four-day period nearly
- 44 years ago at the end of World War II, the Bomb is prone to
- mind-numbing abstraction. The TV series uses grainy,
- black-and-white newsreels to make landmark events feel as though
- they happened in the real world and epigrammatic statements
- sound as though they were said by real people. One of many
- moments that make War and Peace television at its best: a 1946
- United Nations disarmament conference is seen considering a U.S.
- plan for international controls that would prevent the Soviet
- Union from developing its own bomb. The proposal comes to a
- vote. It needs unanimous endorsement. One delegate after another
- says "Yes," until first the Polish, then the Soviet, delegate
- is heard from. A 37-year-old Andrei Gromyko says, softly and in
- English, "Abstain." The plan is dead, and the tone of the
- superpower rivalry is set for nearly 40 years to come. Finally,
- Gromyko is shoved aside by Mikhail Gorbachev, who knows how to
- say yes to the West and churn out a dizzying array of proposals
- of his own.
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